该应用指南解释了如何使用声学校准以便直接在 R&S® UPV 中输入或读取声压电平。 该应用指南中描述了一种应用程序，该程序可以针对麦克风及扬声器的校准执行必要的测量、管理校准值并将其输入任何适当的用户自定义设置。

10月 11, 2012 | AN-No. 1GA47

适用于罗德与施瓦茨仪器的多功能软件工具RSCommander 是一款多功能软件工具，适用于各式各样的罗德与施瓦茨频谱分析仪、网络分析仪、信号发生器以及示波器。它能够自动发现仪器、创建屏幕截图、读取迹线、传输文件以及创建简单脚本。

12月 24, 2017 | AN-No. 1MA074

源测量单元 R&S®NGU401 和 R&S®NGU201 能够精确测量亚微安到安培范围内的电流。本应用指南介绍了一种工具，可利用仪器的任意功能生成电压或电流扫描。快速记录功能可以在扫描期间捕获电压和电流值。然后，应用程序会测定每个扫描步骤的电压和电流值，并将结果绘制成伏安曲线。此工具可用于测量二极管、LED 和太阳能板等所有双极设备的特性。本应用指南还可与直流电源 R&S®NGM201 和 R&S®NGM202 结合使用。

2月 15, 2021 | AN-No. 1GP129

用于音频分析仪 UPV 上的 1/n 倍频程频谱的平均化的应用程序以及文件。

7月 19, 2010 | AN-No. 1GA52

罗德与施瓦茨提供多款重要的实验室设备，例如电源、LCR 表和功率分析仪。为了增强这些仪器的功能，可以选择不同的应用程序。这些应用程序一般可用于远程控制设备，以便执行扫描、记录和电池测试等更加复杂的任务。大型实验室中的设备更多，而且一台电脑中可能安装了许多应用程序。对于这种情况，需要使用仪表板来显示可用的设备和应用程序，包括版本信息和罗德与施瓦茨网站上的文档链接。适用于电源和仪表的 R&S® 应用仪表板具有这个功能。应用文档包含软件的说明信息和使用手册。此外还提供一个软件包，其中包含所有相关应用程序的安装程序。

9月 13, 2024 | AN-No. 1GP140

本应用指南提供了一种应用程序以在音频分析仪 R&S®UPV 或 R&S®UPV66 上进行 PESQ、POLQA 和延时测量，以便进行电平调整、测试自动化和报告。

5月 08, 2013 | AN-No. 1GA62

R&S® CMU200 与 R&S® UPV 结合，适用于各项移动电话语音功能测试，比如根据 3GPP 26.132 的声学测试或根据 ITU-T P.862 (PESQ®) 或 ITU-T P.863 (POLQA®) 的语音质量测试。此应用指南解释了在这些任务中如何使用 R&S® CMW500 代替 R&S® CMU200。

7月 25, 2014 | AN-No. 1GA65

混响时间和早期反射等声学特性对于试验室、会议室（确保声音清晰可闻）和音乐厅（保障音乐表演）非常重要。本应用指南解释了这些声学特性的基础，并提供了用于测量的应用程序。

7月 10, 2012 | AN-No. 1GA61

此应用指南中提供的仪器设置有助于分析存入波形文件中的退化的语音信号，并且显示 FFT 频谱及波形。

9月 05, 2014 | AN-No. 1GA66

Flexible, scalable and cost-effectiveThe R&S®RadEsT automotive target generator and car learning to act (CARLA) open-source driving simulator enable realistic radar and camera simulation in an open-source setup – free from the constraints of proprietary solutions.

Sep 08, 2025

Analog circuits like operational amplifiers often require a symmetric supply with supply ground, positive rail and negative rail. The supply ground is the reference for analog signals in the circuit.The channels in R&S® multi-channel power supplies are galvanically completely floating against each other as well as against safety earth. This provides the maximum flexibility for connecting channels in parallel or in series to provide increased current or voltage output, or for split or symmetric supply.This application note describes how to configure two outputs for a symmetric supply, providing both positive and negative rails.The instructions apply also to both discontinued and future multi-channel models of R&S® power supplies.

Sep 04, 2025 | AN-No. 1GP144

As vehicles integrate more ADAS & Automated Driving (AD) functions, precise radar validation is essential for safety features like AEBSS and SAE Level 2 & 3 automation. Simulation-based testing offers flexibility but lacks real-world accuracy, while road testing is costly and inconsistent. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) solutions bridge this gap, enabling real-time radar sensor evaluation with high repeatability.Rohde & Schwarz supports this with the R&S®AREG800A radar echo generator and R&S®QAT100 antenna array, simulating dynamic targets in angle, range, velocity, and size, and integrating via Open Simulation Interface (OSI). With cutting-edge radar test solutions, R&S ensures safer, more reliable ADAS/AD systems.This educational note explores the current state of closed-loop testing for radar-based hardware, focusing on how Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) systems enable realistic validation of automotive radar sensors. It highlights key driving scenarios that HIL must address and demonstrates how the R&S®AREG800A radar echo generator and R&S®QAT100 antenna array support closed-loop validation.

Sep 03, 2025

在高频下进行准确测量，对于表征放大器、混频器和差分线等有源和无源器件的特性至关重要。

8月 14, 2025

混频器是变频过程中的关键器件，广泛应用于通信和雷达系统。

8月 14, 2025

Electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles have both high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) electric systems. The LV systems are typically unshielded (infotainment, lighting, sensors etc.) and HV systems (battery packs, inverters, electric motors etc.) are shielded. The HV systems ranges from 400 V to 1500 V and the LV system ranges from 12 V to 48 V. The switching operations in HV systems can generate significant electromagnetic noise that may couple into the LV system and degrade performance or cause malfunctions.The HV/LV coupling tests, as defined in CISPR 25, specify the test setup in which HV systems are modified to inject electromagnetic disturbances at predefined levels, depending on the classification of the equipment under test (EUT). These tests also outline methods for measuring the coupling attenuation between HV and LV systems. Additionally, they define procedures for measuring conducted emissions (current and voltage) on LV systems during HV system operation. Furthermore, the standard includes methods to measure radiated noise (electric field) emissions generated when operating HV Systems. The HV/LV coupling tests are emission tests in line with CISPR 25 but some require an immunity test setup to inject disturbance into the system. This application note describes how to set up R&S®ELEKTRA and perform HV/LV coupling attenuation measurements.

Jul 31, 2025 | AN-No. 1EE29

This application note provides a detailed guide on performing FCC KDB987594 D02 Test Cases K&L using R&S®CMX500 OBT, focusing on FCC regulatory compliance testing for devices operating in the 6 GHz band in US.It begins by discussing the FCC's initiatives to open the 6 GHz band for unlicensed use, emphasizing the importance of Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) systems to manage power levels and avoid interference with incumbent services.The guide outlines specific requirements for device types 6CD and 6FX, which must adjust their power levels based on information in beacon of access point. It also delves into the technical aspects of WLAN power control mechanism according to IEEE 802.11 specifications, highlighting the complexity of power adjustment features for devices operating in the 6 GHz band.This guide explains the advantages of using the CMX500 OBT tester, which can emulate various WLAN signaling scenarios, including standard and low-power access points. It provides detailed procedures for conducting Test Cases K and L, which focus on demonstrating proper power adjustment based on associated access points and ensuring client devices adjust its power appropriately.

Jul 30, 2025 | AN-No. 1SL416

最终部署等应用中使用的宽带调制负载牵引信号能够真正洞察射频前端性能。但是，当阻抗发生变化时，射频放大器的行为会有所不同。当射频放大器将信号驱动到宽带天线时，其行为会因阻抗变化而异，并且无法预测或计算。

7月 26, 2025

Reverberation Chambers (RVC) have become popular as an alternative to Anechoic Chamber (AC) facilities for electromagnetic emission & immunity tests. Unlike AC, RVC reflects waves creating multipath environment. EMC testing using reverberation chamber is accepted in various EMC test standards across different industries. The RVC is cost effective allowing high field strength generation without excessive amplification needs, eliminates the need for complex positioning of antennas and DUTs increasing test speed and simulates real-world electromagnetic environments more accurately. To ensure accurate and efficient testing, specialized EMC test software is required for data acquisition, automation, and analysis. This application note describes how to setup Elektra and perform measurements in RVC.

Jul 24, 2025 | AN-No. 1EE28

As DisplayPort evolves to support ultra-high resolutions and increased data rates, robust compliance testing is essential to ensure interoperability across devices and interconnects. This application note provides a structured overview of physical-layer testing for DisplayPort source transmitters and passive cables, aligned with VESA CTS v2.1. The note covers key test procedures using Rohde & Schwarz solutions, including oscilloscope-based measurement at standardized test points, automated test execution with ScopeSuite, and signal integrity debug via equalization and jitter decomposition. It further details cable characterization using mixed-mode S-parameter analysis on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), with support for simulated eye diagrams and TDR-based impedance diagnostics. Practical setup examples and product references are provided to help engineers perform repeatable, standards-compliant DisplayPort PHY validation.

Jul 16, 2025 | AN-No. 1SL418

R&S®ZNA 矢量网络分析仪可以在真实工作条件下执行大功率放大器测试。

7月 14, 2025

Best practices for mobile network testing for mission-critical applications

Key Points: Mission-Critical Infrastructure: Military operations require extremely high reliability and availability, as any downtime can result in compromised missions and significant strategic losses. The reliability of communication networks is crucial to ensure seamless execution of military operations. Fundamental requirements: Military applications often require low latency and sustainable latency to ensure real-time communication and control, particularly in situations where split-second decisions can mean the difference between success and failure. This is critical for applications such as command and control systems, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Measurement Techniques: As soon as the radio access network is used, innovative testing methods are needed beforehand to proactively test the network capability and to identify any potential issues. We propose a standard test procedure for the characterization of a network regarding military use-cases that covers a representative set of different, common types of network traffic.

Jul 02, 2025 | AN-No. 8NT21

SA Mode According to 3GPP 38.521-1

Device certification for compliance with 3GPP specifications is a crucial step in the launch of 5G NR user equipment (UE). As the demand for high-performance connectivity continues to rise, ensuring that devices meet industry standards is essential for delivering reliable and efficient service. To ensure optimal modem performance, RF pre-conformance testing, also known as design verification, needs to be initiated early in the product development process. This approach enables teams to swiftly identify and address potential issues, minimizing delays and enhancing the overall quality of the final product.The R&S®CMX500 3GPP RF pre-conformance WebGUI solution offers a fast and intuitive platform for executing NR-FR1 Standalone (SA) test cases based on the 3GPP 38.521-1 specification. Its manual verification capabilities make it particularly well-suited for early-stage validation, debugging, and step-by-step verification of test cases, leveraging the comprehensive toolset provided by the R&S®CMX500 WebGUI. Test case procedures are optimized for R&D use cases, while using the most relevant configurations from the specification.This application note serves as a comprehensive guide for R&D professionals, detailing the setup, configuration, execution, and verification of selected 3GPP pre-conformance test cases with just a few clicks in the GUI. Please note that the test steps outlined in this document require the CMX-KC661B license (SA FR1 3GPP RF Test Scenarios), in addition to the NR signaling license CMX-KS600B and the NR FR1 measurement license CMX-KM600. All descriptions, configurations and limits are based on 3GPP TS38.521-1 V18.4.0 (2024-11).

Jun 25, 2025 | AN-No. 1C111

R&S®ZNA 双端口矢量网络分析仪结合简单设置，能够可靠测量（高增益）接收机和低噪声块转换器 (LNB) 的特性。

6月 12, 2025

R&S®ZNA 矢量网络分析仪只需单次连接，即可多方位测试收发模块 (TRM) 和有源电子扫描阵列 (AESA) 雷达。

6月 12, 2025

汽车雷达传感器隐藏在保险杠中，必须能够在正确的频率范围内发射信号。为了有效隐藏传感器，雷达透明区域和车辆其他部位的喷漆通常一样。选择喷漆和涂料时，需要了解保险杠材料的特性。以前这需要结合使用准光学或波导装置与矢量网络分析仪 (VNA)。本应用说明介绍了一种简单方法，能够使用 R&S®QAR50 汽车天线罩测试仪在 76 GHz 至 81 GHz 的雷达频率范围内分析材料特性。

6月 11, 2025

Compliance and Pre-compliance testing are very important topics during the development of any Wireless DeviceIn this document the differences between Conformance testing vs. Pre-conformance tests will be explored as well as the Rohde & Schwarz offerings to conduct these tests

Jun 05, 2025 | AN-No. 1C110

The purpose of this document is to provide a step-by-step guidance on how to perform VESA compliance testing on DisplayPort 80 cable assembly.Throughout this Method of Implementation (MOI), procedures will detail how to perform such VESA compliance testing using the R&S® ZNB lineup of Network Analyzers.

May 19, 2025 | AN-No. 1SL414

The purpose of this document is to provide a step-by-step guidance on how to perform VESA compliance testing on DisplayPort 54 cable assembly.Throughout this Method of Implementation (MOI), procedures will detail how to perform such VESA compliance testing using the R&S® ZNB lineup of Network Analyzers.

May 19, 2025 | AN-No. 1SL413

The purpose of this document is to provide a step-by-step guidance on how to perform VESA compliance testing on DisplayPort 8k cable assembly.Throughout this Method of Implementation (MOI), procedures will detail how to perform such VESA compliance testing using the R&S® ZNB lineup of Network Analyzers.

May 19, 2025 | AN-No. 1SL412

The R&S®FSWP phase noise analyzer and VCO tester is a high-end instrument that accurately analyzes noise in key radar and communications system components. Phase noise measurements are used to derive the large-signal noise figure for a device under real-world operating conditions.

May 16, 2025