Vector network analyzer fundamentals

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R&S®ESSENTIALS | Vector network analyzer

Basics of vector network analyzer measurements

Master key measurements with our step-by-step guides

The vector network analyzer (VNA) is one of the most essential instruments for RF and microwave measurements. It works by sending a signal through the device under test (DUT) and measuring both the signal that’s reflected and the signal that passes through. This provides a variety of useful information on the DUT’s behavior.

The articles on this page walk you through the fundamentals of VNA measurements, with topics covering:

Basics of VNAs
How to conduct specific measurements
Specific VNA applications

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Learn about vector network analyzers

Understanding S-parameters

Learn about S-parameters, their role in analyzing networks, and the different ways of representing them. Discover network analyzers that measure S-parameters.

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How to measure cable loss

Learn about S11 measurement, S21 measurement and the steps of measuring cable loss with VNA.

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Voltage standing wave ratio and return loss

Learn about impedance matching, its relationship with reflected power and quantifying reflected power with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and return loss.

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Vector network analyzer antenna measurement

Learn how to measure antenna impedance and understand VNA antenna measurements. In this article, we cover calibration standards and antenna S11 measurement.

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VNA calibration methods and standards

Learn how to use calibration standards for VNA calibration.

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Cable impedance measurement

Cable impedance measurement is essential in high-frequency electronics and telecommunications. Learn how to measure the impedance of a cable with a VNA.

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